ASMA (Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody)
An ASMA (Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody) test is a blood test that detects antibodies targeting smooth muscle cells, most commonly in the liver. These antibodies, known as autoantibodies, are produced when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. The ASMA test is primarily used to help diagnose autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a chronic liver condition where the body's immune system attacks liver cells.
What it detects:
- The ASMA test looks for specific autoantibodies that target smooth muscle cells.
Why it's important:
- AIH, a condition where the immune system attacks the liver, is often associated with ASMA.
How it works:
- The test involves drawing a blood sample and analyzing it for the presence of ASMA.
Associated conditions:
- ASMA can also be found in other conditions like infectious diseases, rheumatic disorders, and cancer.
Clinical significance:
- A positive ASMA test result, particularly high levels, can be an indicator of AIH, especially type 1 AIH.
Further testing:
- Doctors may order other tests, like an F-actin antibody test, to help confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause of high ASMA levels.