CA - 125
CA-125, or cancer antigen 125, is a protein primarily found on the surface of ovarian cancer cells, but it can also be detected in other tissues. The CA-125 blood test measures the concentration of this protein in the bloodstream and is mainly used as a tumor marker to help diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer.
What is CA-125?
- A glycoprotein: CA-125 is a type of protein called a glycoprotein.
- Tumor marker: It's used as a tumor marker, meaning it's a substance that can be measured in the blood and is often associated with the presence of cancer.
- Found in various tissues: While primarily found on ovarian cancer cells, CA-125 can also be found in normal epithelial tissues and benign ovarian cysts.
What is the CA-125 blood test used for?
Diagnosis:
- Diagnosis: The test can help diagnose ovarian cancer, especially in women with a family history of the disease or those experiencing symptoms like persistent abdominal pain or bloating.
Monitoring treatment
- CA-125 levels can be monitored during and after treatment to assess the effectiveness of therapy or to detect any recurrence of the cancer.
Monitoring other conditions:
- While primarily used for ovarian cancer, CA-125 testing can also be used to monitor other conditions like endometriosis, fallopian tube cancer, and certain non-gynecological cancers.
Important considerations:
Not a screening tool:
- The CA-125 test is not generally recommended as a screening test for ovarian cancer in the general population.
Elevated levels can have other causes:
- Elevated CA-125 levels can also be caused by menstruation, pregnancy, or non-cancerous conditions like endometriosis or ovarian cysts.
Results need to be interpreted in context:
- A single elevated CA-125 result does not necessarily indicate cancer, and further testing and evaluation may be needed.