Celiac disease
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When people with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the lining of the small intestine, which can lead to malabsorption of nutrients
Symptoms
The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely and may include:
- Digestive issues such as diarrhea, constipation, bloating, and abdominal pain.
- Fatigue and weight loss.
- Anemia due to iron deficiency.
- Osteoporosis or osteomalacia (softening of bones).
- Itchy, blistery skin rash known as dermatitis herpetiformis.
- Mouth ulcers and dental problems.
- Neurological symptoms like numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, balance problems, and cognitive impairment
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of celiac disease is not known, but it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with certain genetic markers (HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8) are more likely to develop the condition. It can sometimes be triggered by events such as surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, or viral infections
Complications
If left untreated, celiac disease can lead to several complications, including:
- Malnutrition and weight loss.
- Increased risk of certain cancers.
- Neurological problems like seizures or peripheral neuropathy.
- Loss of calcium and bone density.
- Infertility and miscarriage
Treatment
- The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which helps manage symptoms and allows the intestines to heal. If you suspect you have celiac disease, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management.