Microscopic colitis
Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon, causing chronic, watery diarrhea, that can only be seen under a microscope, and includes two main types: lymphocytic and collagenous colitis.
What is Microscopic Colitis?
Chronic Inflammation:
- Microscopic colitis is a chronic condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the colon (large intestine), leading to inflammation.
IBD:
- It's a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), along with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Microscopic Diagnosis:
- The inflammation is only visible when examining the colon tissue under a microscope, hence the name "microscopic colitis".
Two Main Types:
- Lymphocytic Colitis: Characterized by an increased number of white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the colon lining.
- Collagenous Colitis: Marked by a thickened layer of collagen under the colon lining.
Symptoms:
- The primary symptom is chronic, watery diarrhea, which can be accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and fecal incontinence.
Diagnosis:
- Diagnosis involves a colonoscopy with multiple biopsies to examine the colon lining under a microscope.
Treatment:
- Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, which may include dietary changes, medications, and lifestyle adjustments.