Peptic ulcers
Peptic ulcers, or stomach ulcers, are sores in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) caused by acid damage, often linked to Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term NSAID use.
What are Peptic Ulcers?
Definition:
A peptic ulcer is a sore or break in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the duodenum (duodenal ulcer), the first part of the small intestine.
Acid Damage:
The digestive juices, including stomach acid, can damage the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to ulcer formation.
Common Causes:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: This bacterium is a major cause of peptic ulcers.
- Long-term use of NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers.
Symptoms:
- Endoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach and duodenum to visualize the lining.
- Tests for H. pylori: Blood, breath, or stool tests can detect the presence of the bacteria.
Treatment:
- Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications to reduce stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors) or antibiotics to kill H. pylori.
- Lifestyle changes: Avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol, and managing stress can help with healing and prevent recurrence.
Complications:
- Bleeding: Ulcers can bleed, potentially causing anemia or requiring a blood transfusion.
- Perforation: In rare cases, an ulcer can erode through the stomach or duodenal wall, requiring immediate medical attention.
- Obstruction: Scar tissue from ulcers can sometimes block the passage of food through the stomach or duodenum.