sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a medical examination that allows doctors to visualize the rectum and the lower part of the colon (the sigmoid colon) using a flexible, lighted tube called a sigmoidoscope. It's used for screening for colon cancer and other conditions, and can also be used to remove polyps or take tissue samples.
What it is Purpose
A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure used to examine the rectum and the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon).
How it's done
A thin, flexible tube with a light and a camera (sigmoidoscope) is inserted into the rectum and guided through the sigmoid colon.
Types
There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible and rigid. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is the most common and uses a flexible endoscope, while rigid sigmoidoscopy uses a rigid device.
Alternative to Colonoscopy:
While a colonoscopy examines the entire colon, a sigmoidoscopy only examines the rectum and lower part of the colon.
Why it's done
Screening for colon cancer
Sigmoidoscopy can help detect polyps or other abnormalities that could lead to colon cancer.
Diagnosing symptoms
It can help diagnose symptoms like rectal bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain.
Following up on abnormal results
It can be used to investigate abnormal results from other tests, such as stool tests or barium enemas.
Removing polyps or taking biopsies
During the procedure, doctors can remove polyps or take tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination.
Treating problems of the anus or rectum
Rigid sigmoidoscopy may be used to treat problems of the anus or rectum.
Procedure
Preparation
Before the procedure, you may be asked to empty your bowels with an enema or laxative.
During the procedure
You will lie on your left side, and the doctor will insert the sigmoidoscope into your rectum.
Air inflation
The tube may inflate the colon with air to make it easier to see the lining.
Viewing
The camera on the end of the sigmoidoscope transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to view the rectum and lower colon.
Biopsies and polyp removal
If any abnormalities are found, the doctor can take tissue samples (biopsies) or remove polyps during the procedure.
Duration
The procedure typically takes 10 to 20 minutes.
Recovery
You can usually go home shortly after the procedure, and there's usually no need for sedation.
Risks:
- Rare complications: Serious complications are rare, but it's possible for a tear to occur in the colon or rectum, or for bleeding to occur if a tissue sample is taken.
- Infection: There is a small risk of infection.